This fact is from Epidemiological Study Designs in Public Health Dentistry. It is a commonly tested concept in NEET MDS examinations. Understanding this fact is crucial for answering MCQs correctly.
Cross-sectional = prevalence study snapshot in time
Case-control = odds ratio retrospective looks backward
Cohort = relative risk prospective follows forward
RCT = randomized controlled trial gold standard intervention
Sensitivity = true positive rate = detect disease
Specificity = true negative rate = rule out disease
PPV = positive predictive value prevalence dependent.