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TMJ Anatomy

Oral Anatomy, Histology & Embryology • NEET MDS Study Guide • AI-Generated Notes

⭐ High-Yield Facts for Exam

  • TMJ = ginglymoarthrodial synovial joint.
  • Disc = fibrocartilage; centre avascular/aneural.
  • Upper space = translation; lower = rotation.
  • Lateral pterygoid = protrusion/opening.
  • Elevators = masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid.

TMJ Anatomy

Joint Structure

The TMJ is a synovial, ginglymoarthrodial joint. The articular disc is fibrocartilage; its central (intermediate) zone is avascular and aneural. The articular surfaces are covered by fibrocartilage (unlike most synovial joints).

Compartments & Movements

  • Upper joint space — translation (gliding).
  • Lower joint space — rotation (hinge).

Muscles

Opening is by the lateral pterygoid (inferior head) and suprahyoids (digastric); the lateral pterygoid also protrudes the mandible. Elevators (masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid) close the jaw.

Exam Tips ⭐

Disc = fibrocartilage (avascular centre); upper space = translation, lower = rotation; lateral pterygoid opens/protrudes.

📝 Practice MCQs — TMJ Anatomy

Q1. Rotation of the mandible occurs in which TMJ compartment?
A. Upper joint space
B. Lower joint space
C. Both equally
D. Neither
Show Answer
✅ Answer: B
The lower joint space allows hinge (rotation) movement.
Q2. The muscle primarily responsible for mandibular protrusion/opening is the:
A. Masseter
B. Temporalis
C. Lateral pterygoid
D. Medial pterygoid
Show Answer
✅ Answer: C
The lateral pterygoid protrudes and assists opening the mandible.
Q3. The central zone of the TMJ articular disc is:
A. Highly vascular
B. Avascular and aneural
C. Bony
D. Muscular
Show Answer
✅ Answer: B
The intermediate zone of the disc is avascular and aneural.
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