Evidence-Based Dentistry & Critical Appraisal
Framing Questions
PICO — Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome — structures clinical questions for searching evidence.
Useful Measures
- NNT (number needed to treat) = 1 / absolute risk reduction (ARR).
- Relative risk, odds ratio, confidence intervals.
Reporting Guidelines
- CONSORT — randomised trials.
- STROBE — observational studies.
- PRISMA — systematic reviews/meta-analyses.
- Cochrane — gold-standard systematic review database.
Exam Tips ⭐
PICO frames questions; NNT = 1/ARR; CONSORT (RCT), STROBE (observational), PRISMA (reviews).