Bite Mark Analysis & Evidence
Characteristics
- Class characteristics — features common to a group (arch shape, tooth alignment patterns).
- Individual characteristics — unique features (rotations, fractures, spacing) that help identify a specific dentition.
Documentation
Photograph with a scale (ABFO No. 2 reference scale), take impressions/swabs (for DNA). Human vs animal bites differ in arch form and the inter-canine distance.
Evidentiary Value
Bite marks are circumstantial evidence; skin distortion limits reliability, so conclusions are made cautiously and corroborated (e.g., DNA).
Exam Tips ⭐
Class vs individual characteristics; ABFO No. 2 scale for photos; bite marks = circumstantial, not conclusive.
📝 Practice MCQs — Bite Mark Analysis & Evidence
Q1. Photographic documentation of bite marks uses the:
A. ABFO No. 2 scale
B. Vernier only
C. Bolton ruler
D. WHO probe
Show Answer
✅ Answer: A
The ABFO No. 2 reference scale standardises bite-mark photography.
Q2. Unique features like tooth rotations are:
A. Class characteristics
B. Individual characteristics
C. Artifacts
D. Irrelevant
Show Answer
✅ Answer: B
Individual characteristics help identify a specific dentition.
Q3. Bite mark evidence is best regarded as:
A. Conclusive proof
B. Circumstantial evidence
C. Always inadmissible
D. Equal to DNA
Show Answer
✅ Answer: B
Bite marks are circumstantial owing to skin distortion.
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