Dental Implants & Osseointegration
Osseointegration (Branemark) is a direct structural and functional connection between living bone and the implant surface, with no intervening soft tissue. Titanium (commonly Grade IV cp-Ti or Ti-6Al-4V) is the standard material.
Success Criteria (Albrektsson)
- Immobile when tested individually.
- No peri-implant radiolucency.
- Marginal bone loss <1.5 mm in the first year and <0.2 mm/year thereafter.
- No pain, infection or paresthesia.
Surface Modifications
Roughened surfaces speed and strengthen osseointegration: SLA (sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched) > machined. Platform switching reduces crestal bone loss.
Healing & Loading
Conventional loading allows ~3 months (mandible) to ~6 months (maxilla) for integration. Immediate and early loading are possible with good primary stability.
Exam Tips ⭐
Branemark = osseointegration. Success = <1.5 mm bone loss yr 1, then <0.2 mm/yr. SLA surface > machined.
📝 Practice MCQs — Dental Implants & Osseointegration
Q1. The pioneer of osseointegration is:
A. Branemark
B. Misch
C. Albrektsson
D. Schroeder
Show Answer
✅ Answer: A
Per-Ingvar Branemark introduced the concept of osseointegration.
Q2. Acceptable marginal bone loss after the first year of implant function is:
A. <0.2 mm/year
B. <1 mm/year
C. <2 mm/year
D. No loss permitted
Show Answer
✅ Answer: A
After year one, <0.2 mm/year is the accepted criterion.
Q3. Which implant surface gives superior osseointegration?
A. Machined
B. SLA (sandblasted, acid-etched)
C. Polished
D. Turned
Show Answer
✅ Answer: B
Roughened SLA surfaces enhance bone-to-implant contact.
Q4. The most commonly used implant material is:
A. Stainless steel
B. Cobalt-chromium
C. Titanium
D. Zirconia
Show Answer
✅ Answer: C
Titanium is the standard owing to biocompatibility and osseointegration.
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