RPD Components
A removable partial denture (RPD) transmits load to teeth and tissues through well-defined components. Knowing each part and its indication is high-yield.
Direct Retainers (Clasps)
- Akers (circumferential) clasp — the most commonly used; engages an undercut from the same side it approaches.
- Bar (Roach) clasps — approach the undercut from the gingival side (e.g., I-bar).
- RPI system — Rest, Proximal plate, I-bar; designed for distal-extension (Class I/II) cases to reduce torque on the abutment.
Rests
Rigid extensions that provide vertical support and direct forces along the long axis of the tooth (occlusal, cingulum, incisal rests).
Major Connectors
- Maxilla — palatal strap is most common; also U-shaped (horseshoe), antero-posterior strap, full palate.
- Mandible — lingual bar is most common; needs at least ~8 mm vertical space (7 mm sulcus depth + 3 mm clearance, ≈ 4 mm to gingival margin) — when inadequate, use a lingual plate.
Minor Connectors
Join the major connector to other components (clasps, rests) and provide bracing.
Exam Tips ⭐
Akers = most common clasp. RPI = distal-extension cases. Palatal strap (maxilla) and lingual bar (mandible) are the default major connectors.